Introduction (Micro Notes) ~ Textile Notes

INTRODUCTION

Defination of fibre:-

It is defined as a fine strength of tissue of plant animal or any synthetic material drawn out into element and subsequently cut into required length.

#Characteristics of fibre

1.length to diameter ratio:-

Its length to diameter ratio must be at least in the range of hundreds. This physical structure enables fibre to be twisted together to form and threads threads threads.

2.Strength :-

A fibre for Textiles must be strong. Its inherent high strength enables it to with stand the rigours of the spinning( yarn or thread-making) and weaving processes and to provide the desired strength in the woven cloth.

3.Flexibility:-

A fibre should be be essentially flexible. Flexibility permits the fibre to be duly spun and woven and gives to the textile fabric its unique folding and draping characteristics.

4.Fibre-length:-

Fibres can be infinitely long, but they must not be shorter than 6 to to 12 mm in length, so as to ensure that they are held together by the imparted twists during spinning.

5.Elasticity and resilience:-

A textile fibre should also have a good degree of elasticity and resilience without detrimental brittleness. For fibres for clothing, garment, a good degree of moisture absorption is desirable for good feel and confort.

6.Density:-

The density of the fibre largely influences its draping qualities when it is made into fabric.Smaller density and lower diameter make a finer fibre. Fabrics made from very light fibres may not drape well; if the fibre is too dense.

#Polymerization

Textile fibres, like most substances are made up of molecules.Fibre molecules are called Polymers. The 'unit' of a polymer is the monomer.
At the molecular level the polymer is extremely long and linear, whereas the monomer is very small.
monomers are usually chemically reactive, whereas Polymers tend to be unreactive. This is illustrated by the chemical reaction called polymerization, which causes the monomers to join end to end to form a polymer.
Length of a polymer can be obtained by determine determining its degree of polymerization.

There are two types of polymerisation

1.Addition polymerisation:-

When the monomers add or join end-to-end without lberating any by-product called addition polymerization. e.g. polythene, polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol(PVA), polyvinyl chloride etc.

2.Condensation polymerization:-

when the monomers join end to end and liberate a by-product called condensation polymerization. This by-product is usually a simple compound generally water, but may be HCL or Ammonia depending upon the specific monomers e.g. nylon, polyester etc.

#Types of polymer

1. Homopolymer:-
Such a polymer is polymerised from the same or only one kind of monomer.
E.g. PVC, nylon6, nylon11, polyethylene etc.
2..Copolymer:-
Such a polymer is polymerised from two or more different monomers. There are sub categories of copolymers
(a) Alternating copolymer
(b)Block copolymer
(c)Graft copolymer
(c)Random copolymer

#Classification of textile fibres:-

# Physical & mechanical properties of natural and man-made fibres

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Textile Notes