#Methods of printing
There are three methods(1) block printing
(2)screen printing and
(3) roller or machine printing.
(1) Block printing:-
◆In block printing the cloth to be printed is spread over and glued to a table, provided with a resilient surface at the top.
◆In block printing the cloth to be printed is spread over and glued to a table, provided with a resilient surface at the top.
◆A suitable pad is prepared in which the printing paste is placed. A wooden (or a metal) block, about 6" x 6", with a negative and raised design (i.e. in relief) is first stamped on the pad and then on the cloth, when an impression of the positive design is made on the cloth.
◆For producing multi-coloured prints, many blocks (as many as the number of colours used) are employed, each of them providing a part of the final design.
◆This method is a laborious and time-consuming one, since a very large number of impressions have to be made to print the whole design on the entire cloth.
◆As a result, the production is low. However, no special printing machines are required in block printing.
(2)Screen printing:-
◆In screen printing, the whole width of the cloth is printed at a time and hence is faster than block printing.
◆In screen printing, the whole width of the cloth is printed at a time and hence is faster than block printing.
◆In this case also the cloth to be printed is spread over and gummed on a long table. With the help of a screen which is placed on the cloth and in which the printing paste is kept and by using a long rubber blade (squeegee) the paste is transferred to cloth.
◆As many mumber of screens are required as the number of colours employed to form the final design.
◆Thus each screen provides a part of the design and when these are aligned properly, a perfect overall design is produced.
◆After impression with one colour is made, the second colour is applied only after the first is dried (for which purpose an electrical or other device is provided below the table).
◆In block printing and screen printing, the rate of production is very slow and a long time is required for printing the cloth, especially in many colours.
(3) Roller printing or machine printing:-
◆Roller printing or machine printing is very fast process and in case printing is done continuously.
◆Roller printing or machine printing is very fast process and in case printing is done continuously.
◆Further, all the required colours are printed during a single passage of the cloth through the machine.
◆Essentially, roller printing involves the use of copper rollers, on the outer surface of which a negative of a design is engraved (etched).
◆Arrangements are made to apply the printing paste to the roller, scrape the paste from the smooth (unengraved) portions of the roller and then to bring it into contact with the cloth to be printed and on which the paste deposited in the engravings is transferred.
◆A number of engraved rollers are kept rotating in contact with a big rotating cylinder and the cloth to be printed is fed between the cylinder and the engraved rollers.
◆After the printed cloth leaves the machine, it is passed over, but not in contact with a series of hollow plates, into which steam is passed, to dry the cloth.
◆This drying is essential to prevent any spreading of the colour beyond the
boundaries of the design.
boundaries of the design.
◆Depending on the class of the dye and the style of printing employed, the printed and dried cloth is steamed immediately or after some time.
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